Current Issue : April-June Volume : 2023 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
A software-based procedure consisting of colour measurement of mushrooms was developed for assessing the effectiveness of a new antioxidant active packaging. As active agents, sodium metabisulphite combined with citric acid, green tea extract combined with -tocopherol and purple carrot extract were evaluated. After obtaining the image of mushrooms with a conventional flatbed scanner, a MATLAB code was specially designed to obtain and compare histograms. Then, data were processed using principal component analysis (66% of the accumulated variance explained) and a successful classification of samples according to their age and antioxidant system was obtained. The developed procedure greatly exceeded the discrimination capabilities of other commonly used methods such as CIE L*a*b* (which was unable to find any significant difference between blank and antioxidant-treated mushrooms; L*blank = 70 ± 3; L*metabisulphite = 75 ± 5; L*green tea = 75 ± 5; L*carrot = 69 ± 5) and visual panel (where only sodium metabisulphite sample was perceived to be significantly different from the rest of the samples, with 27 positive votes out of 50). The developed method classified correctly up to 90% of blank samples according to their age. Besides, 100% and 70% of the mushrooms treated with sodium metabisulphite and green tea, respectively, were found to be fresher than their corresponding blanks. Among samples with sodium metabisulphite, 33% behaved as one-day blank samples, and 67% acted as 4-day blank samples, while among samples with green tea, 10% were found in the 1-day group, and 60% were found in the 4-day group. In contrast, purple carrot proved to be inefficient as an antioxidant. Thus, the difference between blank mushroom samples and those treated with antioxidants was objectively measured....
In order to solve the problems of restricted classroom and lack of repeated training in good curriculum, the design and development of a school life adaptation curriculum based on VR is proposed. This study identified six life adaptation themes for design and development (recognizing facial expressions, crossing the road, how to get lost, shopping, taking public transport, and job interview) and set the objectives, design principles, specific content, teaching evaluation, and other aspects of virtual reality life adaptation course. Combined with the characteristics of virtual reality, the implementation suggestions and matters needing attention are put forward. The results showed that, in the recognition of human facial expressions, 51 experts thought it was appropriate, 3 experts thought it needed to be modified, and no expert thought it was inappropriate. On the topic of crossing the road, 46 experts thought it was appropriate, eight thought it needed to be modified, and no expert thought it was inappropriate. On the theme of taking public transportation, 48 experts thought it was appropriate, 6 experts thought it needed to be modified, and no expert thought it was inappropriate. For the three major topics of how to get lost, shopping, and job interview, 2-3 experts put forward different opinions and think that the topic is not appropriate mainly because the grade arrangement is not appropriate. Conclusion. The VR-based curriculum for school life adaptation has been reviewed by experts and revised by researchers. It is scientific, interesting, and operable, solves the teaching problems of life adaptation teachers, and provides a safe, reliable, and effective practice channel for students....
This is an IOT based smart green house that can be implemented in existing farming environments without any changes in the infrastructure or construction in a new farm structure. The garden lets the user control the entire smart garden from his or her computer and other devices and make assignations based on time or sensor readings such as light, temperature or sound from any device in the house. The project is considered successful and ready to be launched in the real system implementation. Configuration and networking of the garden (green house) is well controlled and Optimized using Internet protocol version 4 (IPV4)....
Background: Genotyping and sequencing technologies produce increasingly large numbers of genetic markers with potentially high rates of missing or erroneous data. Therefore, the construction of linkage maps is more and more complex. Moreover, the size of segregating populations remains constrained by cost issues and is less and less commensurate with the numbers of SNPs available. Thus, guaranteeing a statistically robust marker order requires that maps include only a carefully selected subset of SNPs. Results: In this context, the SeSAM software allows automatic genetic map construction using seriation and placement approaches, to produce (1) a high-robustness framework map which includes as many markers as possible while keeping the order robustness beyond a given statistical threshold, and (2) a high-density total map including the framework plus almost all polymorphic markers. During this process, care is taken to limit the impact of genotyping errors and of missing data on mapping quality. SeSAM can be used with a wide range of biparental populations including from outcrossing species for which phases are inferred on-the-fly by maximum-likelihood during map elongation. The package also includes functions to simulate data sets, convert data formats, detect putative genotyping errors, visualize data and map quality (including graphical genotypes), and merge several maps into a consensus. SeSAM is also suitable for interactive map construction, by providing lower-level functions for 2-point and multipoint EM analyses. The software is implemented in a R package including functions in C++. Conclusions: SeSAM is a fully automatic linkage mapping software designed to (1) produce a framework map as robust as desired by optimizing the selection of a subset of markers, and (2) produce a high-density map including almost all polymorphic markers. The software can be used with a wide range of biparental mapping populations including cases from outcrossing. SeSAM is freely available under a GNU GPL v3 license and works on Linux, Windows, and macOS platforms. It can be downloaded together with its user-manual and quick-start tutorial from ForgeMIA (SeSAM project) at https:// forge mia. inra. fr/ gqe- acep/ sesam/-/ relea es...
Background: Multiple processes impact the probability of retention of individual genes following whole genome duplication (WGD) events. In analyzing two consecutive whole genome duplication events that occurred in the lineage leading to Atlantic salmon, a new phylogenetic statistical analysis was developed to examine the contingency of retention in one event based upon retention in a previous event. This analysis is intended to evaluate mechanisms of duplicate gene retention and to provide software to generate the test statistic for any genome with pairs of WGDs in its history. Results: Here a software package written in Python, ‘WGDTree’ for the analysis of duplicate gene retention following whole genome duplication events is presented. Using gene tree-species tree reconciliation to label gene duplicate nodes and differentiate between WGD and SSD duplicates, the tool calculates a statistic based upon the conditional probability of a gene duplicate being retained after a second whole genome duplication dependent upon the retention status after the first event. The package also contains methods for the simulation of gene trees with WGD events. After running simulations, the accuracy of the placement of events has been determined to be high. The conditional probability statistic has been calculated for Phalaenopsis equestris on a monocot species tree with a pair of consecutive WGD events on its lineage, showing the applicability of the method. Conclusions: A new software tool has been created for the analysis of duplicate genes in examination of retention mechanisms. The software tool has been made available on the Python package index and the source code can be found on GitHub here: https:// github. com/ cnickh/ wgdtr ee....
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